This article will give you a comprehensive overview of the Quantitative section of the GRE exam, helping you approach this important section with confidence and achieve the results you're hoping for.
With nearly 100 years of history, the GRE (Graduate Record Examinations) has become an indispensable part of applications to graduate programs for students. Whether you're taking the GRE to apply to a graduate program, business school, or law school, you understand the importance of demonstrating the best of your abilities.
Overview of the GRE exam
The GRE exam assesses the knowledge and skills necessary for success in the graduate program you choose as well as your post-graduate career. GRE questions test your ability in verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, critical thinking, and analytical writing skills. Understandably, you might think it's nearly impossible for a test lasting less than 2 hours to assess your abilities across all 4 areas. However, the GRE has proven over the years to be a valid and reliable tool for predicting success in graduate programs and beyond. Let's explore the basic information about the GRE:
- Cost: $220
- Location: Test center or home
- Duration: 1 hour 58 minutes, no break time
- Test sections:
- Analytical Writing: 30 minutes, 1 essay (Analyzing an issue)
- Verbal Reasoning (2 sections); 27 questions, 41 minutes
- Quantitative Reasoning (2 sections); 27 questions, 47 minutes
- Scoring method:
- Analytical Writing: 0-6, in 0.5 point increments
- Verbal Reasoning: 130-170, in 1 point increments
- Quantitative Reasoning: 130-170, in 1 point increments
Tip from Clever Academy: Understanding the basic information about the GRE will help you develop an optimal study strategy.
Structure of the Verbal Reasoning and Quantitative Reasoning sections
The Analytical Writing section is always presented first on the GRE exam. After that, you will see either two Verbal sections or two Quantitative sections. Let's use the Quantitative sections to illustrate the format. The first Quantitative Reasoning section will include 12 questions. You will have 21 minutes to answer them. In Quant section 1, you can choose to answer all questions in the order they are presented, or you can skip questions and come back to answer them later. Additionally, if you answer a question but are unsure about the answer, you can mark that question for easy finding later. This marking and review option helps you ensure that you don't miss any questions.
After Quant section 1, you will be presented with section 2. Here, you will encounter 15 questions and you will have 26 minutes to answer them. Similarly, you will have the same marking and review options. However, note that once you begin section 2, you cannot return to section 1 for any reason.
A similar situation applies to the Verbal Reasoning section of the GRE. The difference lies in the time. Section 1 has 12 questions and you have 18 minutes to answer them. Section 2 has 15 questions and you have 23 minutes to answer them.
Key point: The marking and review option allows you to be flexible in answering questions within a section.
Section-level adapting capability of the GRE
We mentioned earlier that the GRE has 2 Verbal sections and 2 Quantitative sections. Why do we need two sections for each type? The answer is crucial to the GRE's ability to provide valid, reliable data for test takers and the schools they apply to. The GRE is a section-level adaptive test. Simply put, this means the test adjusts to match each student's ability. The GRE's digital platform allows each person to experience a different test, based on their ability.
Let's look at how the section-level adapting feature works, using the Quantitative sections as an example. In the first Quant section, you answer a mix of easy, medium, and difficult questions. After you complete that section, the computer will score your answers. If you score well, you will encounter harder questions in section 2, and answering these questions correctly will earn you more points. Conversely, if your score on section 1 is not strong, section 2 will present easier questions, but correct answers will not have high value.
The section-level adapting feature works similarly for the 2 Verbal Reasoning sections. Therefore, your performance on the first Verbal section will determine the difficulty level of the second section. You will earn more points by answering harder questions in the second section, so again, a high score in the first section will lead to receiving those high-value questions in the second section.
Key point: If you score well on the first Quant or Verbal section, you will see harder (and higher-value) questions in the second section.
Question types in the Quantitative section
In the Quantitative section of the GRE exam, you will encounter many different question types. Becoming familiar with these question types will help you prepare better and avoid confusion while taking the test. Understanding the structure and requirements of each type will be key to allocating time wisely and developing an effective test-taking strategy. The rest of this article will detail the question types in the introduction to the Quantitative section of the GRE exam.
Single-answer Multiple Choice questions
This is a familiar question type for many, requiring you to select the one correct answer from the options provided. Typically, this question type will have 5 answer choices (A, B, C, D, E). This question type tests your reading comprehension and analytical skills, while requiring you to have solid foundational knowledge of the math topics covered in the exam.
For example, you might encounter a question asking you to calculate the area of a complex geometric shape based on given parameters. The key to handling this question type is to read the question carefully, identify important information, and eliminate distractors before making your final selection. This not only saves time but also increases the likelihood of choosing the correct answer. Moreover, regular practice with these question types will improve your speed and accuracy in solving problems.
Multiple-answer Multiple Choice questions
Unlike the question type above, this format requires you to select all correct options from the choices provided. The number of answer choices in this format is usually higher (for example: 6 to 8 options) and the number of correct answers may vary. This requires you to carefully consider each option and evaluate its accuracy independently.
This question type is more challenging because you need to be certain about each of your choices. A useful strategy is to use the elimination method, gradually ruling out incorrect options to narrow down the selection. One point to note is that missing a correct answer or selecting an incorrect answer will both affect your score for that question. Mastering this question type requires care and precision in each step of the solving process, along with strong mathematical knowledge.
Quantitative Comparison questions
This question type presents two quantities, A and B, and asks you to compare their values. You need to determine whether quantity A is greater, quantity B is greater, the two quantities are equal, or the relationship between them cannot be determined based on the information provided. This question type requires analytical and logical reasoning skills, as well as the ability to flexibly apply mathematical knowledge.
To solve this question type, you need to simplify expressions (if necessary), estimate values, and consider special cases. You can also try substituting different values into variables to check the relationship between the two quantities. A common mistake is not fully considering all possible cases, leading to incorrect conclusions. Practicing this question type will help you develop problem-solving skills that are logical and effective.
Numeric Entry questions
This question type requires you to calculate and enter the answer in a blank. There are no answer choices provided, so you need to be confident in your ability to calculate. This question type tests the accuracy and ability to perform calculations without the support of options.
It is important that you read the question carefully and ensure that you clearly understand the requirements regarding units of measurement (if any). You should also double-check your calculation results to avoid mistakes. A small tip is to simplify calculations as much as possible to minimize the chance of error. Mastering mathematical formulas and rules, along with the ability to do mental math, is the key to handling this question type well.
Guide to using a calculator on the GRE exam
A calculator is an indispensable tool in the Quantitative section of the GRE, allowing test takers to perform complex calculations quickly and accurately. However, using a calculator effectively requires understanding its functions, as well as the ability to discern when you should and shouldn't use it. Overusing a calculator for simple calculations can waste valuable time, while not using a calculator for complex calculations can lead to mistakes.
Basic calculator functions
The on-screen calculator on the GRE exam is a basic calculator with functions such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, square root, and percentage. It also has memory buttons (M+, M-, MR, MC) to save and retrieve values.
It is important that you become familiar with the layout and functions of the calculator before the exam. You should spend time practicing using this calculator during your test prep to ensure you can use it skillfully and efficiently during the test. Remember that a calculator is just a supporting tool, and your math ability is still the determining factor. Use the calculator to check your calculations, or to solve cumbersome calculations, but don't rely entirely on it.
When to and when not to use a calculator
Not all questions in the Quantitative section need to use a calculator. In fact, many questions can be solved faster by using estimation methods, mental math, or applying mathematical rules.
You should only use a calculator when really necessary, such as when performing calculations with decimals, large exponents, or square roots. In these cases, the calculator will help you save time and avoid mistakes. However, for simple calculations, you should try to calculate yourself to practice mental math skills and save time. Determining when to and when not to use a calculator requires practice and the ability to quickly assess the difficulty of the calculation.
Optimizing calculator use
To optimize calculator use, you should use shortcuts (if available) and memory functions to save and retrieve values. This will help you save time and minimize mistakes.
Additionally, you should double-check your calculation results to ensure accuracy. A small mistake in the calculation process can lead to a wrong answer. Remember that the goal is to use the calculator effectively to assist, not to replace, your math ability. Regular practice with the calculator will help you increase speed and accuracy, while helping you feel more confident using it during the exam.
Math topics in the GRE exam
The Quantitative section of the GRE not only tests your ability to calculate but also evaluates your ability to apply mathematical knowledge to problem-solving. The math topics in the GRE exam typically include arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and data analysis. Understanding the scope and level of each topic will help you allocate study time wisely and focus on areas where you need improvement.
Arithmetic
The arithmetic topic includes basic concepts such as integers, rational numbers, decimals, fractions, percentages, ratios, and powers. You need to master basic operations and the rules about order of operations (PEMDAS/BODMAS).
Additionally, you also need to understand clearly the concepts of divisors, multiples, prime numbers, and composite numbers. Some questions may ask you to find the greatest common divisor (GCD) or least common multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers. Practice with ratio and percentage problems is also very important, as they often appear in quantitative comparison questions and data analysis. The ability to work with numbers in many forms, such as fractions and decimals, will also be key to success in this part.
Algebra
The algebra topic includes concepts about variables, equations, inequalities, functions, and graphs. You need to be able to solve linear equations, quadratic equations, and systems of equations. You also need to understand clearly the rules of algebraic transformation and how to simplify expressions.
Some questions may ask you to find the solution of an equation or inequality, or determine the relationship between variables. You may also encounter questions about functions, asking you to determine the domain, range, or calculate the function value at a specific point. Understanding graph concepts is also very important, as you may be asked to identify special points of a graph, such as intercepts or the vertex of a parabola. Practice drawing and interpreting graphs will be very helpful.
Geometry
The geometry topic includes concepts about lines, angles, triangles, quadrilaterals, polygons, circles, polyhedra, and volume. You need to master the theorems and formulas for calculating perimeter, area, and volume of basic geometric shapes.
Some questions may ask you to calculate the parameters of a geometric shape based on given information, or compare the parameters of two or more geometric shapes. You may also encounter questions about similar triangles, congruent triangles, and theorems related to circles. Understanding the concepts of angles and types of angles is also very important. The ability to visualize and draw geometric shapes will help you solve geometry problems more easily.
Data Analysis
The data analysis topic includes concepts about descriptive statistics, probability, and combinations. You need to be able to read and understand charts, graphs, and data tables. You also need to be able to calculate basic statistical values such as mean, median, mode, and standard deviation.
Some questions may ask you to analyze and compare data sets, or make predictions based on given information. You may also encounter probability questions, asking you to calculate the probability of a specific event. Understanding clearly the concepts of combinations and permutations is also very important. Data analysis not only requires the ability to calculate but also requires logical and reasoning ability.
5 fantastic tips to score high on the Quant section
To achieve a high score on the Quantitative section of the GRE, you need an effective study plan and a smart test-taking strategy. Beyond mastering knowledge, applying appropriate tips and strategies can help you maximize your score. Below are 5 important tips that will help you optimize your results in this section.
Set a target score and take an initial practice test
Before you start studying, you need to set your target score. Your target score will depend on the program you are applying to and the requirements of each school. Then, you should take an initial practice test to assess your current ability.
This practice test will help you identify your strengths and weaknesses, helping you develop an appropriate study plan. It also helps you get familiar with the test structure, question types, and time pressure. Consider this practice test as a diagnostic test, helping you guide your study process. From the results of the practice test, you can focus on topics where you are weak, rather than spending time on parts you have already mastered. Don't be discouraged if the initial results are not as high as expected, the goal now is to find and fix weaknesses.
Create a personalized study plan
After you have determined your target score and current ability, you need to create a personalized study plan. This plan should include the topics to review, the time spent on each topic, and periodic practice tests.
Remember that each person has a different study method, so your study plan should be personalized to fit your needs and habits. You should spend more time on topics you are weak in, and less time on topics you have already mastered. You should also schedule periodic practice tests to monitor your progress and adjust your plan if necessary. A good study plan is a flexible plan that can change to match your progress. Don't be afraid to try different methods and find what works best.
Find quality GRE prep materials
Choosing appropriate prep materials is very important to ensure you are learning the right knowledge and practicing the right skills. You should look for prep materials from reputable sources, such as official guides from ETS (Educational Testing Service), online courses, and reputable test prep centers.
Additionally, you should also consult forums and GRE learning communities to learn from those who came before and share study materials. Remember that prep materials are just supporting tools, and diligent and methodical study is the determining factor. Don't rely on just one source of material, diversify your sources to have a comprehensive view of the topics. Some materials may provide practice exercises, while others may provide test-taking strategies.
Use flashcards
Flashcards are an effective learning tool, especially for memorizing formulas, definitions, and vocabulary. You can create your own flashcards, or use pre-made flashcard sets.
Write concepts, formulas, or vocabulary on one side of the flashcard, and explanations or examples on the other side. You should review flashcards regularly to reinforce knowledge and retain it longer. You can also use flashcard apps on your smartphone to study anytime, anywhere. When using flashcards, try to connect knowledge with real-world examples to make it easier to remember. Flashcards not only help with retention but also help you understand concepts more deeply.
Spend 2-4 weeks on practice tests
Before the actual exam, you should spend 2-4 weeks taking practice tests. Taking practice tests will help you get used to time pressure, practice test-taking skills, and accurately assess your ability.
You should take practice tests under conditions similar to the real exam, such as in a quiet room, without interruptions, and following the exact time limit. After each practice test, you should analyze the results, identify your strengths and weaknesses, and adjust your study plan accordingly. View each practice test as an opportunity to learn and improve. Don't get discouraged if the results don't meet your expectations, focus on learning from the experience and making progress.
Conclusion
Introduction to the Quantitative section of the GRE exam is an important first step to conquering this challenging section. By clearly understanding the test structure, question types, math topics, and applying effective test-taking strategies, you can absolutely achieve a high score and open the door to your dream graduate program. Remember that the key to success lies in persistence, effort, and a smart study plan. Good luck on your journey to conquering the GRE!